Can non Muslims enter the mosque?

Mu'awiya ibn al-Hakam said: I had a maid-servant who tended goats by the side of Uhud and Jawwaniya. One day I happened to pass that way and found that a wolf had carried a goat from her flock. I am after all a man from the posterity of Adam. I felt sorry as they (human beings) feel sorry. So I slapped her.

I came to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and felt (this act of mine) as something grievous. I said: "Messenger of Allah, should I not grant her freedom?"

The Holy Prophet (pbuh) said: "Bring her to me." So I brought her to him. He said to her: "Where is Allah?" She said: "He is in the heaven." He said: "Who am I?" She said: "You are the Messenger of Allah." He said: Grant her freedom, she is a believing woman.

Ref: Muslim Book of Prayers #1094
Muslim 537 a
Sahih Muslim Vol. 1, Book 4, Hadith 1094

The slave girl of unknown faith was brought into the mosque to be interrogated by the Prophet (pbuh) to determine her religious understanding by her master.

a) The Prophet (pbuh) did not asked her to clean herself (mandi wajib) or perform ablution (wuduk) before entering the mosque.

b) The Prophet (pbuh) did not asked her to cover her head with a veil (tudung) before entering the mosque. (women slaves are not required to wear veil to ease their chores during the time of the Prophet)

c) The Prophet (pbuh) did not asked her to wear a robe (jubah untuk tutup aurat) before entering the mosque. (women slaves attire was a piece of cloak or loose piece of clothing from neck to knee)

In another narration, the Prophet (pbuh) brought a delegation of 60 Najran Christian into his mosque for a interfaith debate and allows them to do their prayers (worship) inside the mosque. (Hadith by Abu Dawood: 31: 5949; Muslim: 31: 5949; Bukhari: 59: 663). The visit of the Najran is cited Surah Al-I Imran in verse 1- 61.

However, the event that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) allowed them to worship in the masjid was not mentioned in the hadiths.

It was cited in various tafseer books such as al Jamiu li Ahkam al Quran (Imam Qurtubi), Tafser Ibn Kather, Tafseer al Munir (Wahba al Zuhayli); in the explanation section of Kutub al Sitta and many Islamic books as a quote from the famous book “Al Sirah Al Nabawiyyah” by Muhammad bin Ishaq as a narration from Muhammad bin Jafar bin az Zubayr.

Prohibiting human (irregardless of race or religion or attire) from entering the mosque is like prohibiting people from entering a hospital when they are sick (when they needed medical/spiritual attention most)...

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Wallahu'alam