Tools of Ijtihad from various Mazhab

Mazhab or 'School of Thought' follow an equation of hierarchy of authority by using various Ijtihad tools like Ijma, Qiyas, Maslahah etc, to formulate a hukum or a fatwa on a religious problem.

This is the equation uses by a Mazhab to ijtihad in order to reach a conclusion on a Hukum(haram, mustahab, mubah, makruh or haram). The hierarchy of authority of ijtihad tools for:



1) MAZHAB HANAFI = Quran --> Sunnah Mutawatir 
--> Istihsan --> Qiyas --> Ijma' --> Sunnah Ahad 
--> Ra'i of Sahabi --> Urf --> Istishab.

2) MAZHAB MALIKI = Quran --> Sunnah Mutawatir 
--> Amal of Medina/Ijma' --> Maslahah --> Qiyas 
--> Sunnah Ahad --> Ra'i of Sahabi 
--> Sadd al-Dhara'i --> Urf --> Istishab.

3) MAZHAB SHAFI’I = Quran --> Sunnah Mutawatir 
--> Ijma' of Sahabi --> Sunnah Ahad --> Ra’i of Sahabi --> Istishab --> Qiyas 

4) MAZHAB HANBALI = Quran --> Sunnah Mutawatir 
--> Sunnah Ahad --> Ra’i of Sahabi --> Ijma' --> Qiyas --> Maslahah --> Istihsan --> Sadd al-Dhara'i 
--> Istishab.

Reference:

1) Ijma' : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/05/tools-of-ijtihad-ijma-consensus.html

2) Qiyas : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/05/tools-of-ijtihad-qiyas-analogy-deduction.html

3) Maslahah: http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/05/tools-of-ijtihad-maslahah.html

4) Istihsan : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/06/tools-of-ijtihad-istihsan-juristic.html

5) Hadith Ahad : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/06/tools-of-ijtihad-hadith-ahad.html

6) Sadd al-Dhara'i : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/06/tools-of-ijtihad-sadd-al-dharai.html

7) Urf : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/06/tools-of-ijtihad-uruf-custom.html

8) Qawaid al-Fiqhiyyah : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/06/usul-fiqh-qawaid-al-fiqhiyyah.html

9) Ahkam : http://ilmuislamuallaf.blogspot.my/2014/12/ahkam-plural-hukum.html

10) Maqasid Syariah : http://kurauking.blogspot.my/2016/08/part-4-memahami-hukum-syariat-dalam.html



Wallahu'alam